The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith

Why "Prodigal God"?

An Explanation of the Title from the Author, Tim Keller

The word 'prodigal' does not appear in the Greek text. It is an English word that has become attached to the parable of the two lost sons in Luke 15. But it is a good, suggestive word that helps us understand the parable's teaching.

The word 'prodigal' is an English word that means recklessly extravagant, spending to the point of poverty, of 'being in want' (Luke 15:14.) The dictionaries tell us that the word can be understood in a more negative or a more positive sense. The more positive meaning is to be lavishly and sacrificially abundant in giving. The more negative sense, is to be wasteful and irresponsible in one's spending. The negative sense obviously applies to the actions of the younger brother in the Luke 15 parable of the two sons. But is there any sense in which God can be called 'Prodigal'?

First, the elder brother is offended by the father's extravagant and (to him) irresponsible welcome of his younger brother. The father, of course, represents God, and legalists are always offended by the gospel of free grace. They see it as wasteful and unfair. After all, they worked for their acceptance. These are the people to whom Jesus was telling the parable in the first place—the Pharisees who objected to Jesus' lavish grace to tax collectors and sinners. They certainly thought Jesus was being far too free and irresponsible with the love and favor he was promising them from God. Jesus depicts them in the parable as the elder brother upset with his father's prodigality.

Second, the positive meaning of the term 'prodigal' is definitely true of God. He spent himself to the uttermost on the Cross. He did so 'recklessly' in the sense that he did not reckon the cost to himself. Jesus was someone who spent himself into helpless poverty (2 Cor 8:9) and was 'in want' in the most extreme way.

So, in summary, the title 'Prodigal God' calls attention not only to the mistaken way that legalists regard God's gospel of grace, but also to how Jesus, though he was rich, spent everything without thought for himself, that we might be saved.

Rev. Keller later added: "I forgot to reference a very famous sermon by Charles Spurgeon on Luke 15 entitled 'Prodigal Love for the Prodigal Son.' There you see the negative and positive senses of the word nicely summarized in one memorable sentence."

This explanation originally appeared on Tullian Tchividjian's blog "On Earth as It Is in Heaven" (link).